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["intro"]=>
string(209) "Regain maximum function
The goal of rehabilitation is to help patients with certain disabilities regain as much functional ability as possible, and aproper programme involves more than just a physiotherapist. "
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In recent years, there is a growing national awareness that literacy is a civil right. As Malaysia envision a literacy rate target of 99 per cent by 2020 for all children and youth (Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025), all children are believed to have the capability of learning to read. Therefore, children with autism have the right to scientifically-based reading instructions and they should not leave school without at least some basic reading skills. Learning to read is defined as the ability to process words in each text based on the writer’s intended meaning. With this definition in mind, it is possible to teach children with autism to become literate. These children are thought to have difficulties dealing with people. There is a relationship between reading comprehension and people comprehension. It is through teaching them to comprehend words that they may work towards understanding people.
In terms of reading development, children with autism and typically developing children share similar reading decoding skills. Decoding skills means translating printed words into speech by combining letters to their sounds and recognising the patterns that make syllables and words. The problem of reading with autistic children lies in the less concrete aspects of reading, which is in learning by listening, written expression, graphomotor (muscular movements in writing) skills, and comprehension (Whitby & Mancil, 2009).The optimum strategy to teach them is through visual learning.The sight-word instruction or the whole word learning method, which involves a multisensory (visual, auditory and kinesthetic) approach and other areas such as phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency and comprehension. Further, the cloze tasks are another reading strategy that encourages self-monitoring when children read the passage in search of suitable word to fill in the blank. Motivation and encouragement based on child’s interests is necessary for reading to be successful. In teaching reading, choose interested and meaningful words such as favourite food, TV characters and so on.
The
use of visual supports and cues to enhance textual comprehension such as
flowcharts and graphic organisers also can aid in focusing attention. The use
of visuals can improve their word recognition ability and increase
independence, social communication and prosocial behaviour.
Reading
instruction via computer-based or computer-assisted programme has shown to
improve reading and writing especially during the acquisition stage of
learning. In conclusion, the ability to read is a very important skill for all children
to success in school and in other aspects of their daily life. Teaching
children with autism is extremely challenging because of their various range of
cognitive, social and behavioural issues. But, children with autism can make
gains in reading skills if consistent intervention is provided. It is crucial
that all children with autism have access to a comprehensive reading programme
and instructions are given to the instructional needs of learners with autism.
Stroke is ranked as the second commonest cause of death in the world and the third most common cause of disability-adjusted life years according to the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors study of 2010.
The effect of a stroke on a person depends on the area of the brain affected by the stroke. Some patients may become hemiplegic with some loss of sensation while some may lose the ability to comprehend speech or express themselves. Stroke can be mild in that it may cause minimal weakness affecting only the hand or it can be severe causing profound disability or even death.
The main type of disabilities that a stroke can cause include:
Stroke rehabilitation is an important part of recovery after stroke. There is currently no medication which has shown good evidence of reversing the disability from stroke. The goal of stroke rehabilitation is to help the stroke patient relearn skills lost due to a stroke. Research has shown that participating in a focused stroke rehabilitation programme helps stroke patients perform better than those who do not.
The type of rehabilitation programme depends on:
Stroke rehabilitation is best when carried out by a multi-disciplinary team of health professionals such as physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech therapists under the leadership of doctors trained in rehabilitation medicine. Stroke rehabilitation works best when the patient, family and rehabilitation team work together. There should be achievable goals decided mainly by the patient and family with guidance from the team. The therapy is then designed to meet these goals which are reviewed regularly by the team, patient and family to ensure the goals are met, readjusted if not met and to make new goals. There should be an agreed time frame for these goals. Thus each programme is individualised to meet each person’s specific needs.
Some general treatment components include:
Treating complications of stroke such as spasticity, difficulty swallowing, pressure sores and pain
Improving the function of a person in terms of self care, ability to perform house work and at work
Providing adaptive equipment and ensuring the environment is safe such as grab bars in toilet and shower chairs in the bath.
Stroke rehabilitation should be started as soon as possible after acute medical care to stabilise the patient. It is then continued as an inpatient until the patient is stable enough to go home. The patient can also be transferred to a rehabilitation hospital to continue rehabilitation as an inpatient or at a rehabilitation centre as an outpatient such as our centre in KPJ Tawakkal Health Centre. A rehabilitation centre would have the expertise as well as the necessary equipment to enable the patient to be become as independent as possible. Our centre also has Rehab Independent Living Units (RILU) where the patient can be trained to be independent in a home-like setting. This would enable patients to be independent not only in personal care such as grooming or toileting but also to do domestic activities of daily living such as preparing their own meals and cleaning up. The discharge destination as well as the type of rehabilitation service is dependent on the severity of the stroke as well as the rehabilitation potential of the patient. It should ideally be done after being assessed and discussed with a rehabilitation medicine specialist.
Stroke rehabilitation can help a person recover from the effects of a stroke, relearn skills and develop new ways to do things. However the patient must be motivated and realise that the process takes time. A good relationship with the rehabilitation team is vital for the success of the stroke rehabilitation programme.
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If your aged parent suffers from stroke or not fit to be home alone due to medication needs or physical limitations after a surgery, KPJ Senior Living Care is a good choice for rehabilitative therapy, assisted living and post-operative care. Located strategically at KPJ Tawakkal Health Centre, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur. The nursing home is also supported by other established services such as KPJ KL Rehabilitation Centre, KPJ KL Dental Specialist Centre, Consultants Clinics, Haemodialysis Service, Diagnostic Imaging Service (X-ray & OPG/Dental X-Ray) & Eye Centre. KPJ Tawakkal Specialist Hospital is only 2 minutes walking distance from KPJ Tawakkal Health Centre for any emergency cases.
KPJ Senior Living Care offers the wide range of care from low to high care, from independent living to residential aged care. The facility providing 24 hour residential care is affordable and all cultural and religious differences are respected. Other than serving a long-term resident or a short-term rehab resident, adult day care program is also provided for socialisation and while providing a needed break for caregivers. However, a consultant will need to assess what level of care is required and then develop a personalized care plan that meets your specific needs. The team comprise of consultants, nurses and therapists work together to provide the highest quality care to meet the individual needs. Rehabilitation Physician and therapists will work closely to develop a rehabilitative care program within the wide spectrum from physical and occupational therapy to speech therapy to serve the resident specific needs.
Basically, the care service consists of rooms,
nursing care, doctor weekly visits & meals. There are also facilities such
as living hall, dining area, mini gymnasium, mini library, recreational room
and more importantly a social area such as karaoke room and rooftop garden for
a large family gatherings. With the cheerful team and comfortable environment,
it makes the overall facility feel like home for the residents and guests. KPJ
Senior Living Care (Nursing Home) understands the challenges and stress
families face when dealing with frustrating situations relating to elderly
care. Thus, it aims to provide professional and compassionate care as well as
encourage an active and healthy lifestyle for the elderly, giving the family
members peace of mind that their loved one are in safe hands.
Losing natural teeth is unavoidable whether from gum diseases tooth decay or injury. It may cause facial muscles to sag, uncomfortable to eat and to speak. You may look older too. Some would experience socially uncomfortable while meeting and communicate with others.
By replacing the missing teeth, it will certainly benefit your appearance and your health. That’s because dentures make it easier to do mouth functions than you could without teeth. Furthermore, dentures can help fill out the appearance of your face and profile. They can be made to closely resemble your natural teeth so that your appearance does not change much. Dentures may even improve the look of your smile.
When it is prescribed a complete dentures will be fitted if all your upper or lower teeth need to be removed. The dentures are usually fitted as soon as your teeth are removed, which means you won’t ever be without teeth. The denture fits snugly over your gums and jawbone. Occasionally however, your gums may need to heal for several months before dentures can be fitted.
A dentist usually will take measurement and impressions (moulds) of your mouth then order your full or partial dentures from a dental technician. Then trial dentures will be created from the impressions that are taken of your mouth. The dentist will try this in your mouth to assess the fit and for you to assess the appearance. The colour and shape may be adjusted before the final denture is produced.
Once you get the new dentures. It may feel awkward for a few weeks until you become accustomed to them .The dentures may feel loose while the muscles of you cheek and tongue learn to keep them in place. It is not unusual to experience minor irritation or soreness. You may find that saliva flow temporarily increases.
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